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Turabian |
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A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is the source for "Turabian," a style of formatting and writing research papers (such as the arrangement and punctuation of footnotes and bibliographies) named after the book's original author, Kate L. Turabian, who developed it for the University of Chicago.1
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Except for a few minor differences, the overall style promulgated by Turabian is the same as The Chicago Manual of Style. While The Chicago Manual of Style is focused on giving style guidelines for publishing in general, Turabian is focused on student papers, dissertations, and theses. Turabian is very different, however, from the styles that are endorsed by other institutions, such as MLA style and APA style.
An obvious difference is that the Turabian system allows for footnotes or endnotes instead of the inline citations that are preferred in the MLA, APA, and Bluebook systems (though modern editions of Turabian also have guidelines for inline, parenthetical references). However, Turabian's key contrast with the APA style is that it was developed specifically for the purpose of being used in papers written for a class and not for publication, whereas APA was originally developed by the American Psychological Association for use in writing intended for publication in professional journals. That being said, many journals in fields that use Chicago style will accept Turabian's forms.
Academic fields that often rely on the Turabian style include musicology, history, art history, women's studies, and theology.
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