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Asturian |
| Asturian asturianu, bable |
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|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: |  Spain |
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| Region: | autonomous community of Asturias | |
| Total speakers: | 550,000 | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Italic Romance Italo-Western Gallo-Iberian Ibero-Romance West Iberian Astur-Leonese Asturian |
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| Writing system: | Latin alphabet | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | none | |
| Regulated by: | Academy of the Asturian Language (Asturian) | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | ast | |
| ISO 639-3: | ast | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Asturian (Asturian: Asturianu or Bable) is a Romance language of the West Iberian group, Astur-Leonese Subgroup, spoken in the Spanish province of Asturias by the Asturian people. In Asturias it is protected under the Autonomous Statute legislation and is an optional language at schools, being widely studied. 1 As part of the Astur-leonese group, Asturian was formerly considered an informal dialect (basilect) of Spanish, but in 1906, Ramón Menéndez Pidal showed it was the result of Latin evolution in the Kingdom of León, and nowadays it is considered a separate language.
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The language developed from Vulgar Latin with contributions from the pre-Roman languages, which were spoken in the territory of the Astures, an ancient tribe of the Iberian peninsula. Castilian Spanish came to the area later, in the 14th century, when the central administration sent emissaries and functionaries to occupy political and ecclesiastical offices. Nowadays, Asturian codification of Astur-Leonese spoken in the Asturian Autonomous Community has become a modern language, after the birth of "Academia de la Llingua Asturiana" in 1980. Leonese and Mirandese (the other two Astur-Leonese languages) are very close to Asturian.
Much effort has been made since 1974 to protect and promote Asturian2. In 1994 there were 100,000 first language speakers, and 450,000 second language speakers able to speak or understand Asturian3. However, the situation of Asturian is critical, with a large decline in the number of speakers in the last 100 years.
At the end of the 20th century, the Academia de la Llingua Asturiana made efforts to provide the language with most of the tools needed by a language to ensure its survival: a grammar, a dictionary, and periodicals. A new generation of Asturian writers both in Asturias have also championed the language. These developments give the Asturian language a greater hope of survival.
Many people from Asturias, especially from the cities like Gijón or Oviedo, think that Asturian is a rude and "village" language. One can find some accent in Asturian persons speaking Spanish; for example, they often change es ("is" in Spanish) to ye ("is" in Asturian).
The grammar of Asturian resembles that of other Romance languages. Nouns have two genders (masculine and feminine), two numbers (singular and plural), and no cases. Adjectives agree with their subjects in gender and number. Verbs agree with their subjects in person (first, second, or third) and number, and additionally are conjugated to indicate mood (indicative, subjunctive, conditional, or imperative), tense (often present or past; different moods allow different possible tenses), and aspect (perfective or imperfective)4.
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